Bilge Academic Publishing is committed to preserving the integrity and reliability of the scholarly record. When a published article is found to contain unreliable findings or evidence of serious research or publication misconduct, the publisher will issue a retraction in accordance with the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) Core Practices and relevant COPE Flowcharts. Grounds for retraction may include, but are not limited to, data fabrication or falsification, plagiarism, duplicate publication, unethical research practices, peer review manipulation, major undisclosed conflicts of interest, or significant errors that invalidate the article’s findings or conclusions. Before a retraction is issued, authors are normally informed of the concerns and given an opportunity to respond, unless legal, ethical, or institutional circumstances require immediate action. Retraction notices are published promptly, clearly identify the reason for the retraction and the party responsible for issuing it, and are permanently linked to the original article. The original article remains accessible as part of the scholarly record but is clearly identified as Retracted to ensure transparency and maintain the integrity of the scientific literature.