ACADEMIC PUBLISHING
Fabrication and falsification of data are among the most serious breaches of research integrity and are never tolerated.
Fabrication is inventing data or results; falsification is manipulating research materials, data or processes so the record no longer reflects the truth.
We may request raw data, statistical outputs and protocols to verify results when integrity concerns arise.
Confirmed cases lead to rejection or retraction, notification of the authors' institutions and possible bans on future submissions.
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